中华人民共和国位于亚洲大陆的东部、太平洋西岸。陆地面积约960万平方公里，仅次于俄罗斯和加拿大，是世界上第三大国。中国领土北起漠河以北的黑龙江江心，南到南沙群岛南端的曾母暗沙，南北相距约5500公里；东起黑龙江与乌苏里江汇合处，西到帕米尔高原，东西相距约5200公里。
中国陆地边界长达2.28万公里，东邻朝鲜，北邻蒙古，东北邻俄罗斯，西北邻哈萨克斯坦、吉尔吉斯斯坦、塔吉克斯坦， 西和西南与阿富汗、巴基斯坦、印度、尼泊尔、不丹
等国家接壤，南与缅甸、老挝、越南相连。东部和东南部同韩国、日本、菲律宾、文莱、马来西亚、印度尼西亚隔海相望。
中国大陆海岸线长约1.8万公里。海岸地势平坦，多优良港湾，且大部分为终年不冻港。中国大陆的东部与南部濒临渤海、黄海、东海和南海，海域面积473万平方公里。渤海为中国的内海，黄海、东海和南海是太平洋的边缘海。
在中国海域上，分布着5400个岛屿。其中最大为台湾岛，面积3.6万平方公里；其次是海南岛，面积3.4万平方公里。位于台湾岛东北海面上的钓鱼岛、赤尾屿，是中国最东的岛屿。散布在南海上的岛屿、礁、滩总称南海诸岛，为中国最南的岛屿群，依照位置不同称为东沙群岛、西沙群岛、中沙群岛和南沙群岛。
Located in the east on the Asian continent on the western shore of the Pacific Ocean, the People's Republic of China has a land area of about 9.6 million sq km, and is the third-largest country in the world, next only to Russia and Canada.
From north to south, the territory of China stretches from the center of the Heilong River north of the town of Mohe to the Zengmu Reef at the southernmost tip of the Nansha Islands, covering a distance of 5,500 km. From east to west, the nation extends from the confluence
of the Heilong and Wusuli rivers to the Pamirs, covering a distance of 5,200 km.
With a land boundary of some 22,800 km, China is bordered by Korea to the east; Mongolia to the north; Russia to the northeast; Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan to the northwest; Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Nepal, Sikkim and Bhutan to the west and southwest; and Myanmar, Laos and Vietnam to the south. Across the seas to the east and southeast are the Republic of Korea, Japan, the Philippines, Brunei, Malaysia and Indonesia.
China's mainland coastline measures approximately 18,000 km, with a flat topography, and many excellent docks and harbors, most of which are ice-free all year round. The Chinese mainland is flanked to the east and south by the Bohai, Yellow, East China and South China seas, with a total maritime area of 4.73 million sq km. The Bohai Sea is China's continental sea, while the Yellow, East China and South China seas are marginal seas of the Pacific Ocean.
Some 5,400 islands dot China's territorial seas. The largest of these, with an area of about 36,000 sq km, is Taiwan, followed by Hainan with an area of 34,000 sq km. The Diaoyu and Chiwei islands, located to the northeast of Taiwan Island, are China's easternmost islands. The many islands, islets, reefs and shoals in the South China Sea, known collectively as the South China Sea Islands, are the southernmost island group of China. They are called the Dongsha (East Sandbar), Xisha (West Sandbar), Zhongsha (Middle Sandbar) and Nansha (South Sandbar) island groups according to their geographical locations.
