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长生殿 The Palace of Eternity

剧本

《长生殿》是清代大戏剧家浙江钱塘人洪升所撰，搬演唐明皇与杨贵妃故事，全剧五十出，曲文华丽高妙，音律婉转严谨，结构细腻曲折，以「金钗钿盒」为其中关键，离合悲欢，错踪参伍。场次安排穿插得当，搬演者无劳逸不均之虑，观者听者有层出不穷之妙，被公认为是一部完美之作。

唐明皇与杨贵妃的爱情故事，在民间广为流传，早期都以宫廷□事及女色祸国为主。而白居易的『长恨歌』经由诗歌的宣染，美化了唐明皇与杨贵妃的爱情故事，把李、杨二人由历史人物转化为传说人物，元代白朴据此写成四折的『梧桐雨』杂剧。洪升以『梧桐雨』杂剧改写的「密誓」、「惊变」、「埋玉」、「雨梦」四折为主，配合了『长恨歌』，将唐明皇与杨贵妃生死不渝的爱情故事演化成《长生殿》传奇。

『长恨歌』及『梧桐雨』杂剧都是以唐明皇为主，杨贵妃在只是在陪衬的地位。洪升在《长生殿》中道出了杨贵妃千回百转的情怀，也显示了杨贵妃在情场玲珑剔透的手腕，更写出杨贵妃肯为爱情牺牲性命的果断，把杨贵妃的人格形像美化。最后跨越生死之界与唐明皇「笑骑双凤飞，潇洒到天宫。」《长生殿》是唐明皇与杨贵妃的爱情故事美化后的总成果，也是最完美的呈现。

定情 － 『唯愿取恩情美满地久天长』
 
「定情」为《长生殿》的第二出，写杨贵妃入宫之日，唐明皇赐予金钗钿盒，取其「情似坚金，钗不单分盒永完。」这是从『长恨歌』中的「春寒赐浴华清池，温泉水滑洗凝脂；侍儿扶起娇无力，始是新承恩泽时。」及「但教心似金钿坚，天上人间会相见。」演化而成。

这是一出大场面的群戏，富丽堂皇，衬托出大唐盛世的气派，「金钗钿盒」却成为日后离合悲欢的见证。
 
酒楼 － 『肩担日月手把大唐扶』

「酒楼」为《长生殿》的第十出，写唐代中兴名将郭子仪，早年未得官职，独饮长安市中，见壁上题词，寓意深邃，很有感触。正值外戚杨国忠兄妹等新第落成，众官员前往祝贺，宠臣安禄山封王下朝，俱从酒楼前经过。郭见祸乱将兴，感慨万千，发誓为国效力。是一出老生的唱工戏。
 
絮阁 － 『情深妒亦真』

「絮阁」为《长生殿》的第十九出，写唐明皇私幸梅妃，杨贵妃得知，清晨闯至翠华西阁絮聒。经高力士及宫女永新的劝解，唐明皇的陪礼，才雨过天青，两人和好如初。

本出为南北合套，由北曲及南曲交替而成，旦主唱北曲，冠生、丑及贴分唱南曲，是一出繁重的唱工戏。
 
惊变 － 『惊破霓裳羽衣曲』

「惊变」为《长生殿》第二十四出，以『梧桐雨』的第二折为本，也就是『长恨歌』中的「缓歌谩舞凝丝竹，尽日君王看不足。渔阳鼙鼓动地来，惊破霓裳羽衣曲。」描写唐明皇和杨贵妃在御花园中饮酒作乐，贵妃载歌载舞，为明皇歌唱李白所写清平词。明皇大乐，开怀畅饮，贵妃不胜酒力，先回宫安寝。这时丞相杨国忠突然见驾，告以安禄山造反，逼近长安。明皇仓促下令往西蜀避难。

这是《长生殿》一剧由欢乐转变为悲剧的关键，小宴时的欢乐和闻变后的惊恐，在词曲与音乐上都有强烈的对比。
 
埋玉 － 『一代红颜为君绝』

「埋玉」为《长生殿》的第二十五出，写唐明皇入蜀避难途中，行至马嵬坡，六军痛恨杨国忠专权误国，将之杀死。又恐贵妃日后在明皇身边进言，于是围住驿馆，要杀贵妃。明皇不肯，贵妃恐牵连明皇，乃慷慨自缢而死。

这出凄沧的做工戏是以『长恨歌』中的「九重城阙烟尘生，千乘万骑西南行。翠华摇摇行复止，西出都门百余里。六军不发无奈何，婉转娥眉马前死。」及『梧桐雨』的第三折为蓝本。
 
闻铃 － 『似我回肠恨怎平』
 
「闻铃」为《长生殿》的第二十九出，写杨贵妃在马嵬坡被众军逼迫自缢后，唐明皇行至剑阁道上，适值风雨交加，乃进入剑阁避雨，闻檐前铃声淅淅零零随风而响，勾引起国破妃亡凄然之情。

这是一出纯粹抒情的唱工戏，由白居易《长恨歌》中「云栈萦纡登剑阁」、「夜雨闻铃肠断声」等句演化出来的。情节单纯，词曲凄沧，尤其是第二支「武陵花」，声情合一，曲词的音乐效果极为出色。
 
哭像 － 『把哭不尽的衷情梦儿里再细讲』
 
「哭像」为《长生殿》的第三十二出，由两套曲牌组成，故亦称「迎像、哭像」，写唐明皇入蜀后，传位太子，自称上皇。因悼念杨贵妃，特敕成都府建立祠庙一座，用檀香木雕成杨贵妃生像。庙成祭奠之日，命高力士迎像入宫，然后亲送入庙供养，追忆往事，悲愧交加。

本出由冠生一人独唱，词曲精妙，是「长生殿」后半段冠生的主要唱工戏，感情充沛，气氛哀伤。
 
弹词 － 『唱不尽兴亡梦幻』
 
「弹词」为《长生殿》第三十八出，写宫廷乐工李龟年经安史之乱，流落江南卖唱维生。在鹫峰寺弹唱唐明皇宠杨贵妃而引起贼乱的往事，与知音李谟相遇。

本出的「九转货郎儿」凄凉感人，是昆曲老生的代表作之一，长期以来传唱不衰。昆曲极盛时期有「家家收拾起，户户不提防」之谚，就是指《千忠戮》的「惨睹」第一支曲首句「收拾起大地山河一担装」及本出第一支曲首句「不提防余年值乱离」而言。

 

The Palace of Eternity

The story of "The Palace of Eternity" contains all the elements of a powerful drama: a grand empire, a war, a well-accomplished emperor, a great beauty, and a love tragedy. These elements are exquisitely woven into a Kunqu masterpiece by the poet and playwright Hong Sheng. "The Palace of Eternity," with its 50 acts of beautiful songs and poetic lyrics, has mesmerized Kunqu audiences for more than 300 years while Hong Sheng established himself as one of the greatest dramatist in Chinese history.

The love story of the Ming Emperor of the Tang dynasty and his favorite consort Lady Yang has been a popular subject of plays and poems. History recorded that the Ming Emperor started his reign as a dedicated ruler, and the Tang Empire enjoyed peace and prosperity for a while. However, the emperor's early accomplishments are overshadowed by the corruption and disturbances in his later years. The Emperor turns out to be better known for his infatuation with the beauty. In composing his play, Hong Sheng chose to portray the Emperor as a passionate man with true love for a special woman in his life. From this angle, "The Palace of Eternity," unravels a moving story and takes us through the joys and tears of the Emperor.

Ding Qing (The Pledging of Love)

Yang Yu-huan, a beautiful palace maid, catches the eye of the emperor. The emperor takes her for a concubine and gives her a title of ladyship. As a token of love, the emperor gives Yang a gold hairpin along with a jewel box. Yang carries this gift with her, and makes good use of it, for the rest of her life.
 
Xu Ge (A Lovers' Spat)

The emperor stays with Consort Plum for a night. Stunned at the new, Yang wastes no time to draw him back. She runs to the quarters of Consort Plum and maneuvers the emperor away from Plum.
 
Jing Bian (A Disrupted Party)

Emperor Ming and Lady Yang stroll hand in hand among the lovely autumn foliage in the imperial garden. The Emperor orders Gao Lishi, a eunuch in his court, to set a banquet for two. Lady Yang sings and dances to a song based on Li Bai's poem "Tunes of Lucidity and Serenity." Surrounded by such enchantment the Emperor urges Lady Yang to drink with him until she is intoxicated. This is the most significant episode of this masterpiece, in that this scene of unbridled passions and high display of 'la joie de vivre' is followed immediately by a coup d'etat which causes the tragic death of Lady Yang, the downfall of Emperor Ming, and ultimately, it marks the beginning of the decline of the Tang dynasty.
 
Mai Yu (Burying the Beauty)

On their journey to Sichuan, the emperor takes a rest at the Ma-wei station just to find his escort troops turning into a mob. The troops slay Prime Minister Yang, Lady Yang's brother, and demand that Lady Yang be put to death. While the emperor refuses to comply, Lady Yang sees no way out and agrees to sacrifice herself to exchange for the emperor's safety. Having no choice, the emperor, torn, gives in. Yang hangs herself with a white silk cord.
 
Wen Ling (The Chiming Bells)

After the death of Lady Yang, the emperor and his escort troops move on. Caught by a rain, they take shelter in a tower. Sitting in the tower battered by the wind and rain, the emperor is drowned in sorrows. The bells under the eaves chime in, only to sink him deeper.
 
Ku Xiang (Grieving over the Statue)

Taking refuge in Sichuan, the exhausted emperor abdicates the throne. Missing Lady Yang, he has a shrine built and places her statue in it. Viewing the statue, the emperor is overwhelmed with both the sweet and the bitter memories.