In Chinese, there are five types of special syntactic structures based on the above-mentioned five types of basic structures that form five types of special phrases respectively, i.e. the consecutive predicative phrase, the causative phrase, the preposition phrase, the “的” phrase and the appositive phrase. 
 
1. The consecutive predicative phrase (连谓短语)
 
　　Containing two (rarely, more) consecutive predicative verbs related to the same subject without any pause and connective element between them, e.g. 
 
　　去 看看(go and see)
　　去北京看一个朋友(go to Beijing to visit a friend)
　　打开房门走出去(open the door and go out)
　　上街买菜(go to the street for buying vegetables)
　　站在门口笑(stand at the door, grinning)
　　送礼物给她(make her a present)
　　有钱买房子(have money to buy a house)
　　约她外出 去海滨散步(ask her out for a walk at the seaside) ---- four verbs

 
 
2. The causative phrase (兼语短语) 
 
 
　　Containing a VO (verb-object) phrase and a SP (subject-predicate) phrase linked up with each other and the object in the preceding VO phrase also functions as the subject of the following SP phrase, e.g. 
  
 

 
  
3. The prepositional phrase (介宾短语)

        Containing a preposition and the word or phrase that follows it, and used for modifying a head word, e.g. 
 
Prepositional phrase （Preposition and Its object ，Modified head In English ）

在 大学 读书 study at university
向  他      学习 learn from him
比 北方 冷      colder than the north
从 今天 开始  from today
给 他      送礼 send gifts to him
关于 学汉语 (的)报告 lecture on Chinese learning 
 
  Some words such as “在”, “给”, “向”, etc. can be used as prepositions or verbs. 

 
 
4. The positional phrase (方位短语) 
 Containing a noun of locality and the word or phrase that is in front of it, e.g. 

 
　　脸上 (on the face)
　　水下 (under water)
　　人群中 (among the crowd)
　　国内外 (at home and abroad)
　　成立以前 (before the founding)
　　十天左右 (ten days or so)

 
 
5. The 的-phrase (“的”字短语)  
  Containing a structural auxiliary “的” and the word or phrase that it follows. A 的-phrase can be regarded as an endocentric phrase in which the head word(s) (someone or something) is omitted, e.g.

的-phrase Omitted head In English
唱歌的 人 the one who sings
吃的 东西 any thing that can be eaten
其他的 人/物/事 others
 
 
　　The character "的" in the 的-phrases is used in place of the noun or noun-core phrase being modified, and differs from any of those used after an attribute or those at the end of a sentence to express a mood, e.g.

 
的-phrase 
吃的、穿的、用的都不缺。 (We have no shortage of food, clothing or any other daily necessities.)
他是值班的。
(He is the person on duty.)  

Non 的-phrase

 吃的东西、穿的衣服、用的物品都不缺。
(We have no shortage of food, clothing or any other daily necessities.)　--- The "的" is used as a sign of attribute.
我是不会忘记的。(I will never forget it) --- The "的" indicates a certainty mood. 

6. The numeral-classifier phrase (数量短语)
 
　　Containing a numeral and a classifier. There are two kinds of this phrases, consisting of a numeral and a nominal classifier or a numeral and a verbal classifier respectively. Actually, it is one of the types of the endocentric phrase. See below: 
 
The nominal numeral-classifier phrase
 
　　 一个　 两本　 三只 　五斤 　十二点 　一万块 
  
The verbal numeral-classifier phrase

　　 一次　 两趟　 三回　 五遍　 十几下

 
 
7. The appositive phrase (复指短语)
 
　　Including two (rarely more) words or groups of words identifying or explaining each other without a pause, e.g.
 
　　我 自己 (myself)
　　你们 俩 (you two)
　　我们 大家 (we all)
　　王英 老师 (teacher Wāng Ying)
　　小说“父与子” (novel “Father and Son”)
　　六一 儿童节 (1 June, Children’s Day)
　　大都市 纽约 (the great metropolis of New York city)