In the 1368 the Ming Dynasty (1368—1644) was instituted by Zhu Yuan hang, styled Taizu of Ming. After Zhu Li, the fourth son of the Taizu of Ming, succeeded to the throne, he embarked upon large-scale construction projects of the city wall and moat, palaces and temples in Beijing, and later on officially transferred the capital northward to Beijing.

      The Ming Dynasty witnessed a definite improvement in agriculture and handicrafts, and toward its concluding stage even witnessed rudiment of capitalism . Meanwhile frequent friendly contacts with the countries in Asia and Africa were made. 
　　During the later period of the Ming Dynasty arose a new military power in the Northeast of China. Led by Nu’erhachi , their chieftain , the Manchu tribesmen on horsebacks struggled with the Ming forces for three generations at the Great Wall , and finally established the Qing Dynasty ( 1644—1911 ) in 1644 . The two most renowned Qing emperors were Emperor Kang Xi ( 1661—1722 ) and Emperor Qian Long ( 1735—1796 ) , whose reigns were recognized as the “heyday in Kang-Qian Period”.